RE: Re: Copyright of lists

From: Roland Cole <cole[_at_]spi.org>
Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2007 17:55:00 -0500


The easy case is a "best of." If a famous critic selects a list of his favorite movies or whatever, it is entitled to some copyright protection, regardless of how he or she lists them.

Rollie

Roland J. Cole, J.D., Ph.D.
Director of Technology Policy
Sagamore Institute for Policy Research
340 West Michigan, Canal Suite B
INDIANAPOLIS IN 46202
317-727-8940; rollie[_at_]sipr.org; www.sipr.org

-----Original Message-----
From: CNI-COPYRIGHT -- Copyright & Intellectual Property [mailto:CNI-COPYRIGHT[_at_]cni.org] On Behalf Of Webb, Jere Sent: Monday, January 15, 2007 10:30 PM
To: CNI-COPYRIGHT -- Copyright & Intellectual Property Subject: [CNI-(C)] Re: Copyright of lists

I have always thought the "selection" part of "selection and arrangement" is a very interesting and troubling concept In the Feist case (which surprised most copyright lawyers by holding that the white pages of the phone book are not protectable), it didn't matter how much sweat of the brow the publisher put into "selecting" only real living individuals for the book. Take this example: you decide to publish a list of everyone in a city that has green hair. Many hours are made implementing this selection. Copyright protection? I don't think so.
No creativity in the selection, although there might have been a lot of creativity in implementing the selection. I had a case once where someone copied verbatim several hundred pages of my clients government application for a license and filed it as a competing application. The application consisted mainly of maps that had been prepared from government (i.e. public domain) maps "selecting" certain features relevant to the license application. Copyright protection? I decided this was a close call and found the cases confusing. Another example: what if through sheer creative genius someone comes up with an algorithm to select from a database list a certain subset of data of interest to some particular group or industry. The result is then presented as an alphabetical list? Copyright protection? I'm not sure. What if I go thru my college yearbook and "select" everyone in my class by use of my amazing powers of recognition and then publish them in an alphetical list. Copyright protection? I don't think so. So what would be a protectible "selection" that results in an alphabetized list being protectible? I cant think of an example. Can anyone cite a relevant case? What if I come up with an incredibly creative parts numbering system for parts and I create a list of the parts by their numbers assigned? Protectible? No according to one court which observed that "clasifications schemes can in principle be creative enough to satisfy the creativity requirement for copyright protection" but that in the case before the court "all creative aspects of the classification are just that: ideas". The court said that the merger doctrine and the originality doctrine kill copyright protection for this sort of thing because "For almost all types of creativity claimed [by the plaintiff} there is only one reasonable way to expess the underlying idea". This latter point would doom many if not most creative selection cases.

Jere

Jere M. Webb
Stoel Rives LLP
Standard Insurance Building
900 SW Fifth Ave., Suite 2600
Portland, OR 97204

Phone: 503-294-9460
Fax: 503-220-2480
Email: jmwebb[_at_]stoel.com

Secretary: Nancy Campbell
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www.stoel.com  

-----Original Message-----
From: CNI-COPYRIGHT -- Copyright & Intellectual Property [mailto:CNI-COPYRIGHT[_at_]cni.org] On Behalf Of jfnbl[_at_]earthlink.com Sent: Friday, January 12, 2007 03:50 PM
To: CNI-COPYRIGHT -- Copyright & Intellectual Property Subject: [CNI-(C)] Re: Copyright of lists

IBD is entitled to "very thin" copyright protection for the selection and arrangement of its list of industry groups. In this case, the arrangement -- alphabetical -- is unoriginal, almost unavoidable, and undoubtedly unprotectible. The selection is another matter. The range of available choices for a taxonomy of industry groups is vast if not limitless. You say that "some of [your] names are similar but not the same," and "in a few cases [your] names and their names are the same." To the extent your example is representative -- 3 of 4 identical, and the fourth a slight variation -- you are close to the virtually identical reproduction (right down to the use of a matching abbreviation, Bldg) that would be required to establish infringement of IBD's very thin copyright. You won't find it in the statute or the caselaw, but in the real world this kind of subjective judgment is often based on unstated equitable considerations. It strikes me that it would be impossible to have arrived at your taxonomy without having copied theirs -- for commercial advantage, with strategic alterations to avoid a charge of slavish copying. In other words, one gets the sense that you are trading on the good will associated with their industry group listing. If you are selling subscriptions to a service that substitutes for theirs at half the price, it calls to mind the knock-offs of Gucci purses sold by street vendors. No offense intended. Maybe your product is superior. But it smells like a knock-off. The "right" legal claim would be unfair competition, except that the Copyright Act probably preempts the unfair competition claim. If the Copyright Act's preemption provision deprives IBD of what would otherwise be a good state law claim, then the court is going to be inclined to find a remedy in the Copyright Act.

Disclaimer: I'm not your lawyer, and you need one.

John Noble

At 4:05 PM -0500 9/1/07, HGS wrote:
>My question is about copyright law regarding a list of titles.
>
>I am a small business owner. I use a list of industry group titles in
my
>business to classify stock market companies. The name of my industry
group
>list is "Industry Monitors 200". The name is not trademarked or
>copyrighted. Here is a partial example of my list:
>
>Industry Monitors 200
> Banking-Foreign
> Banking-Midwest
> Banking-West
> Bldg-Hand Tools
>
>My Industry Monitors list has a total of 192 titles.
>
>Another company William O'Neil + Co. 197 Industry Groups (tm) also has
a
>list that they call the IBD 197 Industry Groups. IBD is "Investor's
Business
>Daily" a very large newspaper for investors.
>
>Here is a partial example of their list:
>
>IBD 197 Industry Groups
> Banks-Foreign
> Banks-Midwest
> Banks-West/Southwest
> Bldg-Hand Tools
>
>Some of my names are similar but not the same. In a few cases my names
and
>their names are the same. They have 197 industry groups, I have 192
>industry groups.
>
>Is each name in their list copyrighted such that if I have the exact
same
>name in my list I will be violating their copyright? Does a list that
looks
>similar come under copyright protection?
>
>They have recently contacted me with this statement:
>
>The "HGSI Industry Group" list impermissibly copies from IBD's
copyrighted
>industry group list and violates IBD copyright" (HGSI is the acronym
used
>for my product and website HighGrowthStock Investor)
>
>Thank you for any assistance.
>
>Regards,
>George Roberts
>
>
>
>
>
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Visit the CNI-COPYRIGHT e-mail list archive at <https://mail2.cni.org/Lists/CNI-COPYRIGHT/>. Received on Wed Jan 17 2007 - 03:55:00 GMT

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